![]() ![]() In practice, baffles are often installed in liquid tanks to reduce the sloshing effect. In addition, sloshing exerts extra force and moment on the vehicle as well, which affects the running safety and the structural integrity of the vehicle. Previous studies have shown that liquid sloshing is often an undesirable phenomenon which may increase the risk of rollover and reduce the manoeuvrability of the vehicle. Abrupt vehicle acceleration would cause transient sloshing in the tank, which would last for a period of time even after the external excitation vanishes. In road/rail vehicles, the most well-known circumstance is the sloshing induced by the accelerating, braking, and turning manoeuvring of vehicles. In marine vessels such as oil and gas tankers, the sloshing induced by ocean waves and its coupling with the ship motion have been extensively investigated. Sloshing in zero-gravity environment has been investigated for space vehicles with partially filled fuel tanks. Liquid sloshing frequently takes place when vehicles carrying partially filled tanks are subject to acceleration and has attracted researchers’ interest in the fields of aerospace, marine, road, and rail engineering. Results show that the tank rotational motion will affect the amplitude and the sloshing force, and neglecting tank rotation may lead to underestimation of the sloshing force magnitude. The case of a road tanker encountering a road bump during acceleration/braking is investigated. The accuracy of the proposed model is examined by comparison with available CFD and model test data in the literature. ![]() In addition, we propose an approach to calculate the hydrodynamic coefficients using the outputs of commercial frequency-domain boundary element software in order to maximize the efficiency of modelling and computation. These coefficients can be precalculated and incorporated into the motion equations of the vehicle system so that a fully coupled vehicle-sloshing model is available. The sloshing force and moment are expressed with a set of hydrodynamic coefficients that are determined by the linear velocity potential. The liquid sloshing is described by a set of linear modal equations derived from the potential flow theory, which can be applied to liquid sloshing induced by arbitrary combination of lateral, longitudinal, and rotational excitations. This paper is concerned with liquid sloshing in a partially filled container due to 3-dimensional vehicle motion. ![]()
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